- Cognitive Development เป็นกระบวนการที่ซึ่งศักยภาพทางชีววิทยาขั้นนพื้นฐานถูกปรับแต่งไปในแนวทางที่เข้ากับบริบททางสังคมที่ซึ่งศักยภาพเหล่านี้จะถูกนำมาใช้
- A sociocultural approach to cognitive development เน้นย้ำไปที่กระบวกการทางสังคมและวัฒนธรรมที่ให้(จัด)โอกาสสำหรับ cognitive development
Development as a product of social and cultural history
Activity theory also shares the idea that human psychological growth is a product of the cultural and social history in which an individual participates.
Vygotsky was concerned with the influence of history on psychological development in several way. He was concerned with how general cultural history, that is, material resources and socially organized activities, promotes human psychological functoning. He was also concerned with how a person's individual, or ontological, history, which contain both biological processes that regulate the development of basic mental functions and the socioculatural process that regulate the development of higher mental functions, affect intellectual development.
Cognition as a Socially Mediated Process
Finally, activity theory considers intellectaul development as as a socially mediated process-that is, people have access to the world indirectly rather than directly. Resource in social context define and direct the way that information is processed and what is learned.
That is, material and symbolic tools and social practices mediate the origin and conduct of human behavior, and they by connect the developing child not only with the world of objects but also with the world of people. In this way, a person's higher menatl fucntioning acquires an organized link to socialhistorically formulated means and operations embodied in cultural tools.
Cultures develop many types of tools to support the daily activities of people that then mediate intelligent action. Sign and symbol systems like language, numeracy, and other represenational systems, have been developed to represent, manipulate, and communicate ideas, These tools, signs ,a nd symbol provide people with the means to organize and accomplish everyday, practical actions, and their use is passed onto succeding genearations. Through the gradual incorporation of culturally constructed tools and practices over the course of mental development, culture become part of each indiviadual's nature.
